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CEFR Levels Guide

What grammar and vocabulary are expected at each Spanish proficiency level? Use this guide to understand what you need to know for A1 through C1.

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Quick Overview

LevelNameVocabularyKey Grammar
A1Beginner500-1,000 wordsPresent Tense (Regular Verbs), Ser vs Estar (Basic), Gender & Number Agreement...
A2Elementary1,000-2,000 wordsPast Tenses Introduction, Pretérito Perfecto, Reflexive Verbs...
B1Intermediate2,000-4,000 wordsPretérito Imperfecto, Preterite vs Imperfect, Present Subjunctive...
B2Upper Intermediate4,000-6,000 wordsImperfect Subjunctive, Conditional Sentences, Pluperfect (Past Perfect)...
C1Advanced6,000-10,000+ wordsFuture Subjunctive, Advanced Verbal Periphrases, Nominalization...

📚 Grammar Concepts

Present Tense (Regular Verbs)
Conjugation of -ar, -er, -ir verbs in present tense
hablocomovivo
Ser vs Estar (Basic)
Basic distinction: ser for identity/characteristics, estar for location/temporary states
Soy de EspañaEstoy en casa
Gender & Number Agreement
Masculine/feminine nouns and adjective agreement
el libro rojola casa blancalos libros rojos
Definite & Indefinite Articles
el/la/los/las and un/una/unos/unas
el perrouna mesa
Subject Pronouns
yo, tú, él/ella, nosotros, vosotros, ellos/ellas
Yo hablo español
Possessive Adjectives
mi, tu, su, nuestro, vuestro, su
mi casatu libro
Question Words
qué, quién, dónde, cuándo, cómo, cuánto, por qué
¿Dónde vives?¿Cómo te llamas?
Negation
Basic negation with 'no'
No hablo inglés
Hay (There is/are)
Expressing existence
Hay un libro en la mesa
Numbers 1-100
Cardinal numbers
uno, dos, tres... cien
Common Irregular Verbs (Present)
ser, estar, tener, ir, hacer
tengovoyhago

📖 Vocabulary (500-1,000 words)

Topics & Domains:
  • •Personal information (name, age, nationality)
  • •Family members
  • •Numbers and dates
  • •Colors and basic adjectives
  • •Food and drinks
  • •Daily routines
  • •Weather
  • •Parts of the house
  • •Classroom objects
  • •Days of the week, months
You can:
  • ✓Introduce yourself and others
  • ✓Ask and answer simple questions about personal details
  • ✓Interact in a simple way if the other person speaks slowly

🎯 Communicative Goals

  • →Greet people and introduce yourself
  • →Ask for and give personal information
  • →Talk about where you live
  • →Describe people, places, and things simply
  • →Express likes and dislikes
  • →Tell the time and talk about daily routines

📝 What to Expect on Tests

  • •Fill in blanks with correct verb conjugations
  • •Match vocabulary to definitions or images
  • •Answer simple comprehension questions
  • •Write short sentences about yourself
  • •Understand slow, clear speech about familiar topics

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